Week2

Acute inflammatory process

injury (lasts several minutes)
- soft tissue & vascular damage
- vasoconstriction
- damaged cells release chemical mediators including cytokines
acute (acute phase of acute inflammation begins within a few minutes and lasts up to 3-4 days)
- vasodilation and blood vessel wall permeability increases
- WBC (neutrophils & macrophages) are released into the injured region
- it’s important to protect and localize inflamation
- Visual symptoms
  - redness & heat (from increased circulation)/swelling (from more plasma)/pain (some from initial injury, increased sensitivity, some from swelling pressure), bruising (from initial injury tearing microvasculature, leading to blood pooling)
destruction
- cytokines signal WBC
- White blood cells & phagocytes degrade injured tissue
- once completely surrounded, lysosome is released by WBCs.
- systemic symptoms:
  - fever — not usually after musculoskeletal injury, if after surgery it’s probably due to infections
  - pain
  - malaise
  - increased WBCs
  - Enlarged lymph nodes
repair & modeling
- lasts between 48 hrs - 6 weeks, depending on severity of injury. Mild MCL sprain example of 6 week repair
- turns into normal tissue, but very dissorganized (fibers may not be aligned for example)
maturation

Note: Lost sleep causes increased risk of injury — but later

Gransulation tissue — scar tissue
new granulation tissue is more red

Protect
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation